Residential Utility Rates
Review utility-reported residential charges, compare reviewed current rates, and explore a clearly labeled illustrative 25-year trend. Every historical series identifies whether it represents bundled service, delivery only, or supply only.
Do not add the charted series together. Bundled service, delivery only, and supply only are separate EIA-reported service types. The historical lines show average residential revenue per kWh; reviewed current rates show published tariff components, so they are separate measurements.
Before quoting solar savings
- Confirm the utility and residential rate class on the actual bill.
- Use 12 months of usage, not one high or low month.
- Verify current interconnection and export-credit rules.
- Separate supply, delivery, and fixed charges when the tariff provides them; otherwise label the combined or partial rate.
About this data
Historical lines use EIA average residential revenue per kWh from 2016–2025. Current rate cards use separately reviewed published tariff components and may exclude delivery, fixed charges, taxes, or other items. Illustrative trends extend only the latest EIA historical value. Utilities are ranked within each state by their latest EIA residential account count, and one utility may have multiple current products or service territories.
Sources and method
The annual values equal residential revenue in thousands of dollars divided by residential sales in megawatthours, multiplied by 100 to produce cents per kilowatt-hour. EIA says its average price is based on revenue and sales and may differ from the tariff rate paid by an individual customer.
- EIA-861 annual detailed files, 2016–2025
- EIA definition of average residential price
- Massachusetts DPU Basic Service data
- Maine PUC Standard Offer rates
- Pennsylvania Power Switch and Price to Compare
- New Hampshire Public Utilities Commission
- New Hampshire RSA 362-A:9 net metering
- Pennsylvania net-metering rule, 52 Pa. Code § 75.13
- Massachusetts DPU net-metering eligibility
- Maine PUC net energy billing
Coverage: all EIA reporting entities in the four states with residential customers and utility ownership classifications other than retail power marketer or behind-the-meter provider. Municipal utilities and cooperatives are included. Annual EIA values stop at 2025 because 2026 reporting is incomplete. Current rate cards appear only where a reviewed source supports the value and effective period. Solar-policy summaries distinguish statewide regulated-utility rules from municipal, cooperative, aggregation, and competitive-supplier programs whose terms remain utility-specific.